Reading 4

From my understanding for Reading 4.3 , "What is evidence", it is about how evidence are divided into two category, circumstantial and testimonial evidence. Circumstantial evidence can be explain as an evidence that we see for our self. Meaning to say that, the evidence itself indicate that the things was related to the crime. While Testimonial evidence refers to an eyewitness, the person who testify that they have seen the accuse commit the crime themselves. In the whole reading, it explain on a situation of a kidnapping incident whereby a son of Charles Lindbergh was kidnapped,hold for ransom and eventually died in the process to rescue the victim. Here, both the evidence was used to conduct the investigation. It can be said that, evidence is an important thing in doing an investigation. It helps a lot to find the criminal and we have proof for the criminal's crime. Overall for this reading, at first i have some difficulties in understanding the main purpose that my classmate wanted to present for their presentation for this topic. It's okay as they were unprepared for the presentation.

Reading 4.4, 'Statistic'.I could say that this was the most anxious reading of the topic as it involves number. I can understand the difficulties of my classmates in preparing the presentation for this reading. i guess it's lame to say that this topic was not that interesting as we are DECOM'ers and number is not in our field. But overall, it's okay! In this reading, it explains how statistic are divided into two meaning, plural - information about any phenomenon/activity that expressed in numerical form (ex:vital statistic), and singular - denotes the art and science of collecting, presenting, analysing and interpreting numeral data.There are 4 ways of misleading data. Unqualified average(mean,median and mode), Fallacious sampling(Sample that is wrong based on the wrong information), Percentages unaccompanied by actual numbers(No specific figure) and Misleading presentation(Graph,Charts and diagrams to mislead impression) .Hearing this, it does sound boring and old fashion. Our interest quickly lost but we tried to stay on the understanding as long as we could. Although it was quite difficult to understand, we did manage to do some exercise to improve the understanding.

Reading 4.5, 'Crooked and Fallacious Thinking' and 'More of crooked and fallacious thinking'. Amongst all the reading in chapter 4, this was for me, the easiest to understand that the other two reading. This reading is more into one's own perception. To come to and think of it, it can be said that it involves psychology factor. This can be call as critical thinking. It explain that there are 5 common forms of crooked and fallacious trends; Transfer Device, Circular Argument, False Analogy, Either-or assumption and Equivocation. I can summarize that everyone have their own crooked and fallacious thinking. It has became a lifestyle in our society. Thus, people have their own perspective and judgment towards any issue that appears.